Construction of cylinders of engines and the like.



H. JUNKERS. CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDERS OF ENGINES AND THE LIKE. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 91 1914.

1 ,1 86,205. 4 Patented June 6, 1916.

3 SHEETSSHEET I- gig? 1%:8 71 062M01 H. IUNKERS.

CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDERS 0F ENGINES AND THE LIKE.

APPLICATION FILED .IUNEB, 19I4.

Patented Juno 6, 1916.

3 SHEETSSI IEET 2.

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H. JUNKERS.

CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDERS 0F ENGINES AND THE LIKE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9,1914.

Patented June 6, 1916.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

- cylinder, a desirable characteristic since such.

HUGO JUNKERS, OF AIX-LA-GHAPELLE, GERMANY.

"' CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDERS OF ENGINES AND THE LIKE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 6, 1916.

Application filed June 9, 1914. Serial a... 844,046.

'To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HUGO J UNKERS, a subject of the German Emperor, residing at 68 Bismarckstrasse, Aix-la-Ghapelle, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Empire of Germany, have invented certain new. and useful Improvements in the Construction of Cylinders of Engines and the like, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the construction of the cylinders of gas and oil engines, pumps and the like.

More particularly the invention relates to the construction employed in mounting a valve in position upon a cylinder of the .type consisting of an inner liner in which the piston works and a surrounding casing which reinforces the liner and having a space or spaces for a cooling medium between the liner and casing.

The invention involves the provision of a valve projecting into the cylinder through alined openings in the casing and liner and a packing which seals the space around the valve and also seals the joint between the casing and liner around the valve. In this way, a single packing serves the double purpose of preventing escape of the pressure within the cylinder either into the cooling chamber or to the outerair and escape of the water from the cooling chamber. In the preferred construction, the valve is mounted upon the casing of the cylinder with its stem projecting through alined openings in the casing and the liner and means are also provided upon the casing adapted to be moved in the direction of the length of the valve stem for compressing the packing to the required degree. This construction permits of positioning the valve and packing and regulating the pressure of the packing from outside the cylinder and while the engine is in operation. Furthermore, the pressure of the gases within the cylinder upon the valve is transmitted directly to the casing of the a liner isusually made of relatively thin material to transmit heat more readily, and should be relieved of strain in so far as is possible. Also,-the packing is arranged to be compressed against a shoulder located either on the liner or on the inner end of the valve;

' the latter construction is preferred because it serves to further relieve the liner of strains which might result in distortion. If desired, one or more split rings may be provided to receive the thrust of the packing and adapt ed to expand or contract so as to effectually guard agalnst forcing the packing or a portion thereof into the cylinder.

I have illustrated constructions which mlght be employed in the practice of the invention in the accompanying drawings, in which each of the 14 figures are fragmentary transverse sections of an. engine cylinder showing the application of a valve thereto, the several figures differing as to the details of the construction shown therein.

In each figure a is the inner cylinder or cyl nder liner and b the outer cylinder or cyllnder mantle or casing, between which the cooling water circulates.

c is the valve casing or body of an injection valve or starting valve or relief valve, while 03 are the attaching studs, 6 is the packing material, f is the gland and g is the seat for the packing.

Figures 1 and 2 show forms of applicatlon in which the seat for the packing is formed in the cylinder liner, while in the forms of application shown in Figs. 3 and 4 this seat is arranged on the valve body itself. In Fig. 1 the valve body is provided with a separate gland f, whereas in Fig. 2 the valve body 0 itself is used for compressing the packing by means of tightening up the valve attaching studs. In Figs. 3 and 4: a flange h is provided as a seat for the packing, which of-course necessitates the gland being made in two parts,;if it is desired to place it in position from the outside. Fig. 5 shows an arrangement similar to Fig. 2 except that it is provided with a threaded connection to the casing b, particularly applicable to relief valves and indicator cocks.

In the arrangements according to Figs. 1, 2 and5 the position of the seat for the packing is unalterable, but in the arrangements according to Figs. 3 and 4 the packing can be made to take up any desired position in the openings in the liner and outer cylinder,

without requiring anyalteration of design, the stufling box and valve nuts only requiring adjustment. This is an advantage in so far that the degree to which the gland must be packed and tightened, in order to prevent leakage of the hot gases or water, can never be determined beforehand. The arrangement according to Fig. -1 allows the axial position of the valve body to be varied without disturbing the packing and gland. In

the arrangement according to Fig. 3, the

gland must be slackened when it is desired to alter the position of the valve body, but

in the arrangementaccording to Fig. 1 this is unnecessary, for the valve body is pro vided with a flange, which moves integrally with the valve body together with the packing and gland. This arrangement has the further advantage that the packing does not press on the liner and therefore cannot damage the latter, when the gland is tightened.

Whereas in the arrangement described above it is possible for the packing to be pressed into the cylinder when the gland is drawn. in tightly, this is preventedin the arrangements according to Figs. 6 to 1% by means of rings. In the arrangement according to Fig. 6 the escape of the packing 6 into the cylinder is prevented by the pro vision of one or, as shown in. the drawing, two metal rings is, Z between the packing and its seat in the liner, the ring or rings being split at one or more points of the circumference. The surface of contact between the two rings is, Z is of a truncated Conical form, with the apex on the side distant from the cylinder axis. The pressure of the packing will cause the ring 7a to press tightly against the wall of the hole in the liner 0 and alsov tightly on the ring Z. The ring Z will be pressed tightly against the valve body 0 and tightly on the seat of the hole. Thus no packing can be pressed out into the cylinder, however great the pressure may be.

Fig. 7 shows an arrangement similar to 'Fig. 6, except that the conical surface of contact between the rings is, Z is in a reverse direction, the apex being on the side adjacent to the cylinder axis. In this case the ring it presses against the wall of the hole in the liner a and against the seat of the same hole; the ring Z presses against the valve body 0 and on the ring is.

In the arrangement according to Fig. 8 there is only one ring m, which. has its seat on a conical surface turned in the cylinder wall a. The ring presses both on the conical seat and on the valve body 0.

1 In the arrangement according to Fig.9, a second ring a of similar cross-section is placed on the top of the ring shown in Fig. 8. As a result of the pressure of the packing on the conical surface of the upper ring a, both rings will be caused to press against the valve body, but only the lower ring at to press on the suitably shaped conical seat.

In accordance with Fig. 10, the arrangement may be such, that a further ring 0 is placed above the beforementioned two rings, in order to achieve a more uniform transmission of the pressure of the packing to the said two rings. In this case the said two rings may with advantage be combined to form a single ring 7).

Whereas in the foregoing arrangements whose the pressure exerted by the gland on the ments wherein the pressure of the packing is taken up by a flange h on the valve body. This flange It can be formed. similarly to the seat in the liner, as in the cases just described. For example, Fig. 11 shows an arrangement in which the flange h is provided with a seat perpendicular to the valve body. Two split rings Zr, Z rest on this seat and. tighten in a manner similar to the rings in the arrangement according to Fig. 7. Of course, the rings may also be arranged with their conical surface of contact in the reverse direction as in the arrangement according to Fig. 6.

In the arrangements according to Figs. 12 and 13 the conical seating surface is arranged directly on the flange ii on the valve body. In the arrangement according to Fig. 12 there is only one ring 9, whose conical surface rests on this conical seat and cylindrical outer surface presses against the cylinder liner.

In the arrangement according to Fig. 13, a second ring 7 is arranged above the ring 9, in a similar manner to that shown in Fig. 9, both rings being made in halves. The rings 1' and 9 may be combined to form a single ring, above which also a second ring may be arranged, as shown in Fig. 10.

In the arrangement according to 14: a spring ring 9 is arranged in a manner similar to Fig. 12, a being a two-part filling ring.

The cuts in such rings may be made similar to those in piston rings.

The spring ring 9 can be sprung over the flange it onto the valve body, for, the internal diameter of the ring is only slightly less than the external diameter of the flange it.

What I claim is 1. The combination of a cylinder consisting of a casing and a liner therein and having a space for a cooling medium between the casing and liner, a valve projecting through alined openings in the casing and liner, and a packing sealing the valve in the openings in the casing and liner and also sealing the joint between the casing and liner about the valve; substantially as described.

2. The combination of a cylinder consisting of a casing and a liner therein and having a space for a cooling medium between the casing and liner, a valve projecting through alined openings in the casing and liner, packing material in the space between the valve and the walls of the openings in the casing and liner, and means for compressing the packing material; substantially as described.

3. The combination of a cylinder consisting of a casing and. a liner therein and ham ing a space for a cooling medium between about the valve, and means movable inde-.

pendently of the valve for compressing the packing from outside the cylinder; substantially as described.

4. The combination of a cylinder consist ing of a casing and a linerv therein and having a space for a cooling medium between the casing and liner, a valve mounted upon the casing and projecting through alined openings in the casing and liner, and a packing sealing the valve in the openings in the casing and liner and also sealing the joint between the casing and liner about the valve; substantially as described.

5. The combination of a cylinder consisting of a casing and a liner therein and having a space for a cooling medium between the casing and liner, a valve mounted upon the casing and projecting through alined openings in the casing and liner, packing material in the space between the valve and the walls of the openings in the casing and liner, and means for compressing the packing material; substantially as described.

. 6. The combination of a cylinder consisting of a casing and a liner therein and having a space for a cooling medium between the casing and liner, a valve mounted upon the casing and projecting through alined openings in the casing and liner, a packing sealing the valve in the openings in the casing and liner and also sealing the joint between the casing and liner about the valve, and means movable independently of the valve for compressing the packing from outside the cylinder; substantially as described.

7. The combination of a cylinder. consisting of a casing and a liner therein and having a space for a cooling medium between the casing and liner, a valve projecting through alined openings in the casing and liner and having a shoulder formed thereon, a packing surrounding the valve and adapted to bear against Said shoulder and means for compressing the packing to seal the valve in the openings in the casing and liner and also seal the joint between the casing and liner about the valve; substantially as described.

8. The combination of a cylinder consisting of a casing and a liner therein and having a space for a cooling medium between the casing and liner, a valve mounted on the casing and projecting through alined openings in the casing and liner, a shoulder formed upon the valve, a packing surrounding the valve and bearing against said shoulder and means movable independently of the valve for compressing the packing against said shoulder to seal the valve in the cylinder and also seal the joint between the casing and liner about the valve; substantially as described.

9. The combination of a cylinder consisting of a casing and a liner therein and having a space for a cooling medium between the casing and liner, a valve projecting through alined openings in the casing and liner, a seat for a packing, a split ring bearing on said seat, packing material surrounding the valve, and means for compressing the packing material against said ring to seal the valve in the cylinder and also seal the joint between the casing and liner about the valve; substantially as described.

10. The combination of a cylinder consisting of a casing and a liner therein and having a space for a cooling medium between the casing and liner, a valve projecting through alined openings in the casing and liner, a packing surrounding the valve and means movable in the direction of the axis of the openings in the casing and liner for compressing the packing to seal the valve in the openings in the casing and liner and also. seal the joint between the casing and liner about the valve, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

HUGO J UNKERS. 

